Hi, I pass IELTS tomorrow
Please add my number +79067808018
Ielts 16th of May
Re: Ielts 16th of May
....
Last edited by tweety on Sat May 16, 2015 9:57 am, edited 2 times in total.
Re: Ielts 16th of May
Hello can you add me ?
+44 07930427566
+44 07930427566
Re: Ielts 16th of May
Please can anyone add me?
+44 7930427566
+44 7930427566
Re: Ielts 16th of May
can you add me
+966 540572277
+966 540572277
Re: Ielts 16th of May
Hello
I will take ielts in 16 may
I will take ielts in 16 may
Last edited by ana-abrar on Sat May 16, 2015 9:42 am, edited 1 time in total.
Re: Ielts 16th of May
Please add me
00447817000104
00447817000104
Re: Ielts 16th of May
Is there anybody takes the ielts exam today?!!
Re: Ielts 16th of May
I tool the exam today.
Listening part was fairly easy. But I do not remember the answers.
Reading part was a complete catastrophy for me. I could not even finish reading the last passage. It was hard to find keywords. I have very few answers that I am sure it is correct.
Writing 1
A table that shows percenteges of reason people to choose travelling by bus in UK between 2009 - 2011.
Writing 2
People choose to watch foreign films instead of local ones Why?
Should goverment support film industry?
Etc.
I was good at part 1 but I did not have a chance to count my words for task 2. It is the grey part of my test
Speaking was quite good for me, but you know it doesn't mean anything at all
Listening part was fairly easy. But I do not remember the answers.
Reading part was a complete catastrophy for me. I could not even finish reading the last passage. It was hard to find keywords. I have very few answers that I am sure it is correct.
Writing 1
A table that shows percenteges of reason people to choose travelling by bus in UK between 2009 - 2011.
Writing 2
People choose to watch foreign films instead of local ones Why?
Should goverment support film industry?
Etc.
I was good at part 1 but I did not have a chance to count my words for task 2. It is the grey part of my test
Speaking was quite good for me, but you know it doesn't mean anything at all
Re: Ielts 16th of May
Thanks a lot for sharing!! I hope you have achieved the scores you need! Best wishes!!!
trphenom wrote:I tool the exam today.
Listening part was fairly easy. But I do not remember the answers.
Reading part was a complete catastrophy for me. I could not even finish reading the last passage. It was hard to find keywords. I have very few answers that I am sure it is correct.
Writing 1
A table that shows percenteges of reason people to choose travelling by bus in UK between 2009 - 2011.
Writing 2
People choose to watch foreign films instead of local ones Why?
Should goverment support film industry?
Etc.
I was good at part 1 but I did not have a chance to count my words for task 2. It is the grey part of my test
Speaking was quite good for me, but you know it doesn't mean anything at all
Re: Ielts 16th of May
Thanks for sharingtrphenom wrote:I tool the exam today.
Listening part was fairly easy. But I do not remember the answers.
Reading part was a complete catastrophy for me. I could not even finish reading the last passage. It was hard to find keywords. I have very few answers that I am sure it is correct.
Writing 1
A table that shows percenteges of reason people to choose travelling by bus in UK between 2009 - 2011.
Writing 2
People choose to watch foreign films instead of local ones Why?
Should goverment support film industry?
Etc.
I was good at part 1 but I did not have a chance to count my words for task 2. It is the grey part of my test
Speaking was quite good for me, but you know it doesn't mean anything at all
Would you provide us with with the speaking cue card topic ?
-
IELTSUzbInstructor
- Posts: 25
- Joined: Sat May 16, 2015 7:58 pm
Re: Ielts 16th of May
I took the test in Uzbekistan. Here are the details:
Speaking Test 14.05.2015
Part 1: Main question: What do you do?
Extra questions about 1) Organizing time 2) Having visitors at home
Part 2: Describe a subject you didn’t enjoy at school, which interests you now
You should say
what this subject is
how long you have studied it
Why you didn’t enjoy it
And Explain the reason why it interests you now
Part 3: Questions about:
Teacher’s role in classrooms, pressure on high school students/university students, a variety of subjects vs single subject style, should creative lessons be part of the school curriculum etc
Listening 16.05.2015
Section 1: Conversation between a customer and an insurance company representative
Possible Answers:
1. WXW717435T
2. April 30
3. Bike
4. 560
5. CANT REMEMBER
6. CANT REMEMBER
7. CANT REMEMBER
8. Train
9. Seat
10. Report
Section 2: Information about some kind of sports club
Section 3: Two students discussing their thoughts on latest inventions sort of
Section 4: Lecture on how ancient people ended in Alaska or something (summary completion)
The answers I remember: 31. ice, animals, climate, species, 40. current, 39. navigational
Reading 16.05.2015
Passage 1: Timekeepers
Questions 1-4 T/F/NG questions (F, NG, T, T)
Questions 11-13 Multiple choice with illustrations (C, C, D) There were also matching feature questions in-between
Passage 2: It is about shift in approaches to education research: Quant vs Quality
Quantitative Research in Education
The first area of criticism concerns the extent to which the results of ‘scientific’ educational research are valid. It has often been argued that, although the numerical evidence produced by such research has the appearance of being ‘ hard data’ of the kind used in the natural sciences, there are, in fact, fundamental doubts about its validity; about whether it represents accurately what it claims to represent. We can get a sense of these criticisms by looking briefly at the work of Piaget, mentioned earlier. Interestingly, this was not strongly quantitative in character, and it has been criticized by some for being insufficiently rigorous from an experimental point of view; reflecting, at least in part, a difference between Piaget and commentators on his work about the requirements of scientific research. This highlights the point we made earlier: that although it is convenient to refer to the ‘scientific method’, there is, in fact, a variety of interpretations of what is involved in a scientific approach to research and of how it should be applied to the study of human beings and their behaviours.A Piaget carried out a number of experiments on the basis of which he developed theidea that children go through different stages of development, and that only when they have reached the necessary stage of development can they carry out the most advanced forms of cognitive operation. A famous experiment of his requiring children to compare the amount of liquid held by different shaped containers. The containers had the same capacity, and even when young children were shown that the same amount of liquid could be poured between the two containers, many claimed that one was larger than the other. Piaget’s interpretation of this was that the children were unable to perform the logical task involved in recognizing that the two containers, while different in shape, were the same in capacity; this being because their cognitive development had not reached the necessary stage. Critics of his work have questioned this conclusion, for instance, Donaldson. They raise the possibility that the children were simply unwilling to play the experimenter’s game, or that the children misunderstood what the experimenter was asking. These criticisms point to the fact, obvious enough, but important in its implications that experiments are social situations in which interpersonal interactions take place. The implication is that Piaget’s work and attempts to replicate it are not only measuring the children’s capacities for logical thinking, but also the extent to which they have understood what was required , their willingness to comply with these requirements, the experimenters’success in communicating what was required, in motivating the children, etc.
B Similar criticisms have been applied to psychological and educational tests. For example, Mehan points out how test questions may be interpreted in ways different from those intended by the researcher. In all language development test, children are presented with a picture of a medieval fortress, complete with moat, drawbridge, and parapets and three initial consonants: D, C, and G. The child is supposed to circle the correct initial consonant C for ‘castle’is correct, but many children choose D. After the test, when I asked those children what thename of the building was, they responded ‘Disneyland’. These children used the same line of reasoning intended by the tester, but they arrived at the wrong substantive answer. The score sheet showing a wrong answer does not document a child’s lack of reasoning ability; it only documents that the child indicated an answer different from the one the tester expected.
C Here we have questions being raised about the validity of the sort of measurements on which the findings of quantitative research are typically based. Some, including for example Donaldson, regard these as technical problems that can be overcome by more rigorous experimentation. Others, however, including Mehan, believe them to be not simply problems with particular experiments or tests, but serious threats to validity that potentially affect all research of this kind.
D At the same time, questions have also beenraised about the assumption built into the logic
of quantitative educational research that causes canbe identified by physical and/or statistical
manipulation (操 作) of variables. Critics suggest that this fails to take account of the very nature of human s ocial lif e, assuming it to consist of fixed, mechanical causal relationships, whereas in
fact it involves complex processes of interpretation and negotiation that do not have determinate outcomes. From this point of view, it is not clear that we can understand why people do what they do in terms of the simple sorts of causal relationships on which quantitative research focuses. Social life, it is suggested, is much more contextually variable and complex.
E Such criticisms of quantitative educational research have been the stimulus foran increasing number of educational researchers, over the past thirty or forty years, to adopt more qualitative approaches. These researchers have generally rejected attempts to measure and control variables experimentally or statistically. Qualitative research (定性研究)can take many forms; looselyindicated by such terms as ‘ethnography’, ‘case study’, ‘participant observation’, ‘life history’, ‘unstructured interviewing’, ‘discourse analysis’, etc. In general, though, it has the following characteristics:
F A strong emphasis on exploring the nature of particular educational phenomena, rather than setting out to test hypotheses about them. A tendency to work with ‘unstructured data’: that is, data that have not been coded at the point of collection in terms of a closed set of analytical categories. When engaging in observation, qualitative researchers therefore audio-or video-record what happens or write detailed open-ended field-notes, rather than coding behaviour in terms of a predefined set of categories, as would a quantitative researcher employing ‘systematic observation’. Similarly, when interviewing, open-ended questions will be asked rather than questions requiring predefined answers of the kind typical, for example, of postal questionnaires. In fact, qualitative interviews are often designed to be close in character to casual conversations.
G Typically, a small number of cases will be investigated in detail, rather than anyattempt being made to cover a large number, as would be the case in most quantitative research, such as systematic observational studies or social surveys. The analysis of the data involves explicit interpretations of the meanings and functions of human actions, and mainly takes the form of verbal descriptions and explanations. Quantification and statistical analysis play a subordinate role at most. The two areas of educational research where criticism of quantitative research and the development of qualitative approaches initially emerged most strongly were the sociology of education and evaluation studies. The trend towards qualitative research in the sociology of education began in the UK in the l960s with studies of a boys’grammar school, a boys’secondary modern school, and a girls’grammar school by Lacey, Hargreaves and Lambart. They employed an ethnographic or participant observation approach, though they also collected some quantitative data on, for example, friendship patterns among the pupils. These researchers observed lessons, interviewed teachers and pupils, and drew on school records. They studied the schools for relatively long periods, spending many months collecting data and tracing changes over time.
Passage 3: about Pterosaurs (http://www.scotsman.com/news/sci-tech/d ... -1-1094776) similar text could be found
Questions 32-36 were Y/N/NG questions (unfortunately, it seems I wrote T/F/NG in my answering sheet ) I was quite happy with my performance possibly 39 out of 40 but it all went down the drain when my students reminded me about the Y/N/NG
Q40 is A. “it” refers to the information revealed
Writing 16.05.2015
Task 1: Table showing the percentage of people using the bus for 5 different reasons: shopping, study, work, visiting a friend, a day trip
Shopping Work Study Visiting friends Day trip
2009 67 2 X 19 7
2010 56 5 X 19 12
2011 47 0 X 23 18
X- I don’t remember now. Not very essential data since it was not the biggest/lowest (not a main feature anyways)
Task 2: Many people worldwide now are watching foreign films rather than local ones. What is the cause? Should governments give more financial support to local film industries?
Intro: Paraphrase, and the outline
Body 1: Possible cause(s)
Body 2: Answer to the question whether governments should give more monetary support (based on the causes)
Conclusion: Summary of the main points, restate your opinion/answer and provide recommendation/prediction/warning
Speaking Test 14.05.2015
Part 1: Main question: What do you do?
Extra questions about 1) Organizing time 2) Having visitors at home
Part 2: Describe a subject you didn’t enjoy at school, which interests you now
You should say
what this subject is
how long you have studied it
Why you didn’t enjoy it
And Explain the reason why it interests you now
Part 3: Questions about:
Teacher’s role in classrooms, pressure on high school students/university students, a variety of subjects vs single subject style, should creative lessons be part of the school curriculum etc
Listening 16.05.2015
Section 1: Conversation between a customer and an insurance company representative
Possible Answers:
1. WXW717435T
2. April 30
3. Bike
4. 560
5. CANT REMEMBER
6. CANT REMEMBER
7. CANT REMEMBER
8. Train
9. Seat
10. Report
Section 2: Information about some kind of sports club
Section 3: Two students discussing their thoughts on latest inventions sort of
Section 4: Lecture on how ancient people ended in Alaska or something (summary completion)
The answers I remember: 31. ice, animals, climate, species, 40. current, 39. navigational
Reading 16.05.2015
Passage 1: Timekeepers
Questions 1-4 T/F/NG questions (F, NG, T, T)
Questions 11-13 Multiple choice with illustrations (C, C, D) There were also matching feature questions in-between
Passage 2: It is about shift in approaches to education research: Quant vs Quality
Quantitative Research in Education
The first area of criticism concerns the extent to which the results of ‘scientific’ educational research are valid. It has often been argued that, although the numerical evidence produced by such research has the appearance of being ‘ hard data’ of the kind used in the natural sciences, there are, in fact, fundamental doubts about its validity; about whether it represents accurately what it claims to represent. We can get a sense of these criticisms by looking briefly at the work of Piaget, mentioned earlier. Interestingly, this was not strongly quantitative in character, and it has been criticized by some for being insufficiently rigorous from an experimental point of view; reflecting, at least in part, a difference between Piaget and commentators on his work about the requirements of scientific research. This highlights the point we made earlier: that although it is convenient to refer to the ‘scientific method’, there is, in fact, a variety of interpretations of what is involved in a scientific approach to research and of how it should be applied to the study of human beings and their behaviours.A Piaget carried out a number of experiments on the basis of which he developed theidea that children go through different stages of development, and that only when they have reached the necessary stage of development can they carry out the most advanced forms of cognitive operation. A famous experiment of his requiring children to compare the amount of liquid held by different shaped containers. The containers had the same capacity, and even when young children were shown that the same amount of liquid could be poured between the two containers, many claimed that one was larger than the other. Piaget’s interpretation of this was that the children were unable to perform the logical task involved in recognizing that the two containers, while different in shape, were the same in capacity; this being because their cognitive development had not reached the necessary stage. Critics of his work have questioned this conclusion, for instance, Donaldson. They raise the possibility that the children were simply unwilling to play the experimenter’s game, or that the children misunderstood what the experimenter was asking. These criticisms point to the fact, obvious enough, but important in its implications that experiments are social situations in which interpersonal interactions take place. The implication is that Piaget’s work and attempts to replicate it are not only measuring the children’s capacities for logical thinking, but also the extent to which they have understood what was required , their willingness to comply with these requirements, the experimenters’success in communicating what was required, in motivating the children, etc.
B Similar criticisms have been applied to psychological and educational tests. For example, Mehan points out how test questions may be interpreted in ways different from those intended by the researcher. In all language development test, children are presented with a picture of a medieval fortress, complete with moat, drawbridge, and parapets and three initial consonants: D, C, and G. The child is supposed to circle the correct initial consonant C for ‘castle’is correct, but many children choose D. After the test, when I asked those children what thename of the building was, they responded ‘Disneyland’. These children used the same line of reasoning intended by the tester, but they arrived at the wrong substantive answer. The score sheet showing a wrong answer does not document a child’s lack of reasoning ability; it only documents that the child indicated an answer different from the one the tester expected.
C Here we have questions being raised about the validity of the sort of measurements on which the findings of quantitative research are typically based. Some, including for example Donaldson, regard these as technical problems that can be overcome by more rigorous experimentation. Others, however, including Mehan, believe them to be not simply problems with particular experiments or tests, but serious threats to validity that potentially affect all research of this kind.
D At the same time, questions have also beenraised about the assumption built into the logic
of quantitative educational research that causes canbe identified by physical and/or statistical
manipulation (操 作) of variables. Critics suggest that this fails to take account of the very nature of human s ocial lif e, assuming it to consist of fixed, mechanical causal relationships, whereas in
fact it involves complex processes of interpretation and negotiation that do not have determinate outcomes. From this point of view, it is not clear that we can understand why people do what they do in terms of the simple sorts of causal relationships on which quantitative research focuses. Social life, it is suggested, is much more contextually variable and complex.
E Such criticisms of quantitative educational research have been the stimulus foran increasing number of educational researchers, over the past thirty or forty years, to adopt more qualitative approaches. These researchers have generally rejected attempts to measure and control variables experimentally or statistically. Qualitative research (定性研究)can take many forms; looselyindicated by such terms as ‘ethnography’, ‘case study’, ‘participant observation’, ‘life history’, ‘unstructured interviewing’, ‘discourse analysis’, etc. In general, though, it has the following characteristics:
F A strong emphasis on exploring the nature of particular educational phenomena, rather than setting out to test hypotheses about them. A tendency to work with ‘unstructured data’: that is, data that have not been coded at the point of collection in terms of a closed set of analytical categories. When engaging in observation, qualitative researchers therefore audio-or video-record what happens or write detailed open-ended field-notes, rather than coding behaviour in terms of a predefined set of categories, as would a quantitative researcher employing ‘systematic observation’. Similarly, when interviewing, open-ended questions will be asked rather than questions requiring predefined answers of the kind typical, for example, of postal questionnaires. In fact, qualitative interviews are often designed to be close in character to casual conversations.
G Typically, a small number of cases will be investigated in detail, rather than anyattempt being made to cover a large number, as would be the case in most quantitative research, such as systematic observational studies or social surveys. The analysis of the data involves explicit interpretations of the meanings and functions of human actions, and mainly takes the form of verbal descriptions and explanations. Quantification and statistical analysis play a subordinate role at most. The two areas of educational research where criticism of quantitative research and the development of qualitative approaches initially emerged most strongly were the sociology of education and evaluation studies. The trend towards qualitative research in the sociology of education began in the UK in the l960s with studies of a boys’grammar school, a boys’secondary modern school, and a girls’grammar school by Lacey, Hargreaves and Lambart. They employed an ethnographic or participant observation approach, though they also collected some quantitative data on, for example, friendship patterns among the pupils. These researchers observed lessons, interviewed teachers and pupils, and drew on school records. They studied the schools for relatively long periods, spending many months collecting data and tracing changes over time.
Passage 3: about Pterosaurs (http://www.scotsman.com/news/sci-tech/d ... -1-1094776) similar text could be found
Questions 32-36 were Y/N/NG questions (unfortunately, it seems I wrote T/F/NG in my answering sheet ) I was quite happy with my performance possibly 39 out of 40 but it all went down the drain when my students reminded me about the Y/N/NG
Q40 is A. “it” refers to the information revealed
Writing 16.05.2015
Task 1: Table showing the percentage of people using the bus for 5 different reasons: shopping, study, work, visiting a friend, a day trip
Shopping Work Study Visiting friends Day trip
2009 67 2 X 19 7
2010 56 5 X 19 12
2011 47 0 X 23 18
X- I don’t remember now. Not very essential data since it was not the biggest/lowest (not a main feature anyways)
Task 2: Many people worldwide now are watching foreign films rather than local ones. What is the cause? Should governments give more financial support to local film industries?
Intro: Paraphrase, and the outline
Body 1: Possible cause(s)
Body 2: Answer to the question whether governments should give more monetary support (based on the causes)
Conclusion: Summary of the main points, restate your opinion/answer and provide recommendation/prediction/warning
Re: Ielts 16th of May
I dont remember the second W in listening q1.
I heard april twentieth or april twenty eight.. I wrote april 28 for listening q2.
What a nice start
KEYBOARD does not work
FAMILY use
Speaking part 2 and part 3 were the same for me.
I heard april twentieth or april twenty eight.. I wrote april 28 for listening q2.
What a nice start
KEYBOARD does not work
FAMILY use
Speaking part 2 and part 3 were the same for me.
-
usman riaz
- Posts: 8
- Joined: Sun May 17, 2015 11:33 am
Re: Ielts 16th of May
hello every one,
i took the exam of 16th may ielts.
i remember some of the questions and would like to share with you,these are my options and not necessarily correct.plz share your views.
ans posted by IELTSUzbInstructor are correct,
further are
. dance room
. evenings of weekdays
. an hour of specia training with instructue(special prise)
. because they provide excellent guidance to customers (reson for selection for award)
. ice
. current
i took the exam of 16th may ielts.
i remember some of the questions and would like to share with you,these are my options and not necessarily correct.plz share your views.
ans posted by IELTSUzbInstructor are correct,
further are
. dance room
. evenings of weekdays
. an hour of specia training with instructue(special prise)
. because they provide excellent guidance to customers (reson for selection for award)
. ice
. current
Re: Ielts 16th of May
Thanks a lot IELTSUzbInstructor!! that was really complete!! I did the some mistake in a previous reading test...I tend to always write T/F...
Does anybody know about other exams? what about Australia, China and Southern east Asia? ACADEMIC writing tasks? Sorry! I'm really nervous about my next exam, so I'm see if there is nothing unusual...you know =D
Good luck to everyone!
Does anybody know about other exams? what about Australia, China and Southern east Asia? ACADEMIC writing tasks? Sorry! I'm really nervous about my next exam, so I'm see if there is nothing unusual...you know =D
Good luck to everyone!
-
usman riaz
- Posts: 8
- Joined: Sun May 17, 2015 11:33 am
Re: Ielts 16th of May
. carried crew memebers
. students don like to talkabout vron because they think money could have been spent on some good project
. compucan
reading
diagram questions had option c,c,d.
. have to b rotated continuously (water glass)
. lacked accuracy of time by 15 min (the fancy name of thing that had a roamn version)
. didnt measure months initially (sundial)
piagets theory lacked (validity)
questions can be asked open mindedly
consonant d for dinosaur
reptiles
hair
it refers to desire to build new model
. students don like to talkabout vron because they think money could have been spent on some good project
. compucan
reading
diagram questions had option c,c,d.
. have to b rotated continuously (water glass)
. lacked accuracy of time by 15 min (the fancy name of thing that had a roamn version)
. didnt measure months initially (sundial)
piagets theory lacked (validity)
questions can be asked open mindedly
consonant d for dinosaur
reptiles
hair
it refers to desire to build new model
-
usman riaz
- Posts: 8
- Joined: Sun May 17, 2015 11:33 am
Re: Ielts 16th of May
quantitative research can be corrected (donaldson)
studied language ability (mehan)
modern reserch (three name)
studied language ability (mehan)
modern reserch (three name)
-
usman riaz
- Posts: 8
- Joined: Sun May 17, 2015 11:33 am
Re: Ielts 16th of May
i guess hollow bones was one option in the last passage of reading.
in listening last passage had options
. boats ,
. lacked navigational syatem
in listening last passage had options
. boats ,
. lacked navigational syatem
Re: Ielts 16th of May
I thought weekendsusman riaz wrote:hello every one,
i took the exam of 16th may ielts.
i remember some of the questions and would like to share with you,these are my options and not necessarily correct.plz share your views.
ans posted by IELTSUzbInstructor are correct,
further are
. dance room
. evenings of weekdays
. an hour of specia training with instructue(special prise)
. because they provide excellent guidance to customers (reson for selection for award)
. ice
. current
Re: Ielts 16th of May
Listening section one not in order
report
seat
train
keyboard
family
April 30th
560
Compucan
I cant remember what else
Section 4 not in order
ice
current
navigation
animals
plants
boats
wind
weapons
teeth
resources
report
seat
train
keyboard
family
April 30th
560
Compucan
I cant remember what else
Section 4 not in order
ice
current
navigation
animals
plants
boats
wind
weapons
teeth
resources
Re: Ielts 16th of May
Thanks for sharing , best of luckIELTSUzbInstructor wrote:I took the test in Uzbekistan. Here are the details:
Speaking Test 14.05.2015
Part 1: Main question: What do you do?
Extra questions about 1) Organizing time 2) Having visitors at home
Part 2: Describe a subject you didn’t enjoy at school, which interests you now
You should say
what this subject is
how long you have studied it
Why you didn’t enjoy it
And Explain the reason why it interests you now
Part 3: Questions about:
Teacher’s role in classrooms, pressure on high school students/university students, a variety of subjects vs single subject style, should creative lessons be part of the school curriculum etc
Listening 16.05.2015
Section 1: Conversation between a customer and an insurance company representative
Possible Answers:
1. WXW717435T
2. April 30
3. Bike
4. 560
5. CANT REMEMBER
6. CANT REMEMBER
7. CANT REMEMBER
8. Train
9. Seat
10. Report
Section 2: Information about some kind of sports club
Section 3: Two students discussing their thoughts on latest inventions sort of
Section 4: Lecture on how ancient people ended in Alaska or something (summary completion)
The answers I remember: 31. ice, animals, climate, species, 40. current, 39. navigational
Reading 16.05.2015
Passage 1: Timekeepers
Questions 1-4 T/F/NG questions (F, NG, T, T)
Questions 11-13 Multiple choice with illustrations (C, C, D) There were also matching feature questions in-between
Passage 2: It is about shift in approaches to education research: Quant vs Quality
Quantitative Research in Education
The first area of criticism concerns the extent to which the results of ‘scientific’ educational research are valid. It has often been argued that, although the numerical evidence produced by such research has the appearance of being ‘ hard data’ of the kind used in the natural sciences, there are, in fact, fundamental doubts about its validity; about whether it represents accurately what it claims to represent. We can get a sense of these criticisms by looking briefly at the work of Piaget, mentioned earlier. Interestingly, this was not strongly quantitative in character, and it has been criticized by some for being insufficiently rigorous from an experimental point of view; reflecting, at least in part, a difference between Piaget and commentators on his work about the requirements of scientific research. This highlights the point we made earlier: that although it is convenient to refer to the ‘scientific method’, there is, in fact, a variety of interpretations of what is involved in a scientific approach to research and of how it should be applied to the study of human beings and their behaviours.A Piaget carried out a number of experiments on the basis of which he developed theidea that children go through different stages of development, and that only when they have reached the necessary stage of development can they carry out the most advanced forms of cognitive operation. A famous experiment of his requiring children to compare the amount of liquid held by different shaped containers. The containers had the same capacity, and even when young children were shown that the same amount of liquid could be poured between the two containers, many claimed that one was larger than the other. Piaget’s interpretation of this was that the children were unable to perform the logical task involved in recognizing that the two containers, while different in shape, were the same in capacity; this being because their cognitive development had not reached the necessary stage. Critics of his work have questioned this conclusion, for instance, Donaldson. They raise the possibility that the children were simply unwilling to play the experimenter’s game, or that the children misunderstood what the experimenter was asking. These criticisms point to the fact, obvious enough, but important in its implications that experiments are social situations in which interpersonal interactions take place. The implication is that Piaget’s work and attempts to replicate it are not only measuring the children’s capacities for logical thinking, but also the extent to which they have understood what was required , their willingness to comply with these requirements, the experimenters’success in communicating what was required, in motivating the children, etc.
B Similar criticisms have been applied to psychological and educational tests. For example, Mehan points out how test questions may be interpreted in ways different from those intended by the researcher. In all language development test, children are presented with a picture of a medieval fortress, complete with moat, drawbridge, and parapets and three initial consonants: D, C, and G. The child is supposed to circle the correct initial consonant C for ‘castle’is correct, but many children choose D. After the test, when I asked those children what thename of the building was, they responded ‘Disneyland’. These children used the same line of reasoning intended by the tester, but they arrived at the wrong substantive answer. The score sheet showing a wrong answer does not document a child’s lack of reasoning ability; it only documents that the child indicated an answer different from the one the tester expected.
C Here we have questions being raised about the validity of the sort of measurements on which the findings of quantitative research are typically based. Some, including for example Donaldson, regard these as technical problems that can be overcome by more rigorous experimentation. Others, however, including Mehan, believe them to be not simply problems with particular experiments or tests, but serious threats to validity that potentially affect all research of this kind.
D At the same time, questions have also beenraised about the assumption built into the logic
of quantitative educational research that causes canbe identified by physical and/or statistical
manipulation (操 作) of variables. Critics suggest that this fails to take account of the very nature of human s ocial lif e, assuming it to consist of fixed, mechanical causal relationships, whereas in
fact it involves complex processes of interpretation and negotiation that do not have determinate outcomes. From this point of view, it is not clear that we can understand why people do what they do in terms of the simple sorts of causal relationships on which quantitative research focuses. Social life, it is suggested, is much more contextually variable and complex.
E Such criticisms of quantitative educational research have been the stimulus foran increasing number of educational researchers, over the past thirty or forty years, to adopt more qualitative approaches. These researchers have generally rejected attempts to measure and control variables experimentally or statistically. Qualitative research (定性研究)can take many forms; looselyindicated by such terms as ‘ethnography’, ‘case study’, ‘participant observation’, ‘life history’, ‘unstructured interviewing’, ‘discourse analysis’, etc. In general, though, it has the following characteristics:
F A strong emphasis on exploring the nature of particular educational phenomena, rather than setting out to test hypotheses about them. A tendency to work with ‘unstructured data’: that is, data that have not been coded at the point of collection in terms of a closed set of analytical categories. When engaging in observation, qualitative researchers therefore audio-or video-record what happens or write detailed open-ended field-notes, rather than coding behaviour in terms of a predefined set of categories, as would a quantitative researcher employing ‘systematic observation’. Similarly, when interviewing, open-ended questions will be asked rather than questions requiring predefined answers of the kind typical, for example, of postal questionnaires. In fact, qualitative interviews are often designed to be close in character to casual conversations.
G Typically, a small number of cases will be investigated in detail, rather than anyattempt being made to cover a large number, as would be the case in most quantitative research, such as systematic observational studies or social surveys. The analysis of the data involves explicit interpretations of the meanings and functions of human actions, and mainly takes the form of verbal descriptions and explanations. Quantification and statistical analysis play a subordinate role at most. The two areas of educational research where criticism of quantitative research and the development of qualitative approaches initially emerged most strongly were the sociology of education and evaluation studies. The trend towards qualitative research in the sociology of education began in the UK in the l960s with studies of a boys’grammar school, a boys’secondary modern school, and a girls’grammar school by Lacey, Hargreaves and Lambart. They employed an ethnographic or participant observation approach, though they also collected some quantitative data on, for example, friendship patterns among the pupils. These researchers observed lessons, interviewed teachers and pupils, and drew on school records. They studied the schools for relatively long periods, spending many months collecting data and tracing changes over time.
Passage 3: about Pterosaurs (http://www.scotsman.com/news/sci-tech/d ... -1-1094776) similar text could be found
Questions 32-36 were Y/N/NG questions (unfortunately, it seems I wrote T/F/NG in my answering sheet ) I was quite happy with my performance possibly 39 out of 40 but it all went down the drain when my students reminded me about the Y/N/NG
Q40 is A. “it” refers to the information revealed
Writing 16.05.2015
Task 1: Table showing the percentage of people using the bus for 5 different reasons: shopping, study, work, visiting a friend, a day trip
Shopping Work Study Visiting friends Day trip
2009 67 2 X 19 7
2010 56 5 X 19 12
2011 47 0 X 23 18
X- I don’t remember now. Not very essential data since it was not the biggest/lowest (not a main feature anyways)
Task 2: Many people worldwide now are watching foreign films rather than local ones. What is the cause? Should governments give more financial support to local film industries?
Intro: Paraphrase, and the outline
Body 1: Possible cause(s)
Body 2: Answer to the question whether governments should give more monetary support (based on the causes)
Conclusion: Summary of the main points, restate your opinion/answer and provide recommendation/prediction/warning
Re: Ielts 16th of May
Listening section one not in order
report
seat
train
keyboard
family
April 30th
560
Compucan
I cant remember what else
Section 4 not in order
ice
current
navigation
animals
plants
boats
wind
weapons
teeth
resources
report
seat
train
keyboard
family
April 30th
560
Compucan
I cant remember what else
Section 4 not in order
ice
current
navigation
animals
plants
boats
wind
weapons
teeth
resources
Re: Ielts 16th of May
I think it is
COMPUSCAN
Any one know the correct answer for the T/F/NG of the first passage?
I remember the first question was " the sundial showed part of the day time"
COMPUSCAN
Any one know the correct answer for the T/F/NG of the first passage?
I remember the first question was " the sundial showed part of the day time"
Re: Ielts 16th of May
I cant rememmberkesi wrote:I think it is
COMPUSCAN
Any one know the correct answer for the T/F/NG of the first passage?
I remember the first question was " the sundial showed part of the day time"
What about the rest if reading questions
Re: Ielts 16th of May
the questions 32-35 in passage 3 were T/F/NG or Y/N/NG. Because i wrote T/F/NG on answer sheet and somebody was telling me that it was Y/N/NG. Will i get marks or not?were these questions T/F/NG or Y/N/NG?